Quran
The Quran (literally "the recitation"; also sometimes transliterated as Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of divine guidance for mankind and consider the text in its original Arabic to be the literal word of God, revealed to Prophet over a period of twenty-three years and view the Quran as God's final revelation to humanity.
The Quranic verses were originally memorized by Prophet's companions as Prophet recited them, with some being written down by one or more companions on whatever was at hand, from stones to pieces of bark. In the Sunni tradition, the collection of the Quran compilation took place under the Caliph Abu Bakr, this task being led by Zayd ibn Thabit Al-Ansari. "The manuscript on which the Quran was collected, remained with Abu Bakr till Allah took him unto Him, and then with 'Umar till Allah took him unto Him, and finally it remained with Hafsa bint Umar (Umar's daughter)." - From Wikipedia
Quran consists of 114 chapters. Each chapter, called a Sura in Arabic, consists of a number of verses, each verse being called an Ayat. Some chapters were revealed to the Prophet during the first 13 years of his mission in Makka, and the rest after his emigration to the city of Madina. Chapters are of varying lengths.
The Quran is the primary source of Islam. It deals with all the subjects which concern human beings: God and His attributes, the relationship between God and His creatures, worship, morality, transactions, law, wisdom and so on. Quran also provides guidance for the society and the people.
Muslims believe that Quran is a miracle of God. There are many miracle claims associated with Quran. Most of them refers to a scientific phenomena.
An example of the scientific miracle claims associated with Quran is the mentioning of "Big Bang" (the most powerfull cosmological model about the origin of the universe) in a Quran verse: "Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" (English Translation of Quran by A.Yusuf Ali-21/30).
The ideas of "Big Crunch" and "oscillating universe" are also claimed to be defined in Quran: "The Day that We roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books (completed),- even as We produced the first creation, so shall We produce a new one: a promise We have undertaken: truly shall We fulfill it." (English Translation of Quran by A.Yusuf Ali-21/104).